Search results for "innate lymphoid cell"
showing 10 items of 60 documents
The Transcription Factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein Is Associated With Expression of Liver‐Homing Receptors on Human Blood CD56bright…
2020
The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is involved in the development of natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells, including liver‐resident NK cells in mice. In human NK cells, the role of PLZF in liver residency is still unknown. Expression of PLZF in matched human peripheral blood‐ and liver‐derived NK cells and the association of PLZF expression with surface molecules and transcription factors relevant for tissue residency were investigated using multiparameter flow cytometry and assessing single‐cell messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Intrahepatic cluster of differentiation (CD)56bright NK cells expressed significantly higher levels of PLZF than …
Transcription factors controlling development and function of innate lymphoid cells.
2014
Abstract Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphocytes, which play an important role in tissue homeostasis at epithelial surfaces. They are scarce in spleen and lymph nodes, but substantial numbers can be found in the intestinal mucosa even at steady state. There, they represent the first line of defence against invading pathogens and contribute to lymphorganogenesis, tissue repair and, when inappropriately activated, immune pathology. Lineage-specific development, function and maintenance of these cells depend on a restricted set of transcription factors that partially emerged as a result of diversification and selection during vertebrate evolution. The differential…
Early inflammatory players in cutanous fibrosis.
2017
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is one of the most complex systemic autoimmune diseases with multi-organ involvement and heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The exact etiology of SSc is still unknown. However, identified target structures are components of endothelial cells, the innate/adaptive immune systems and fibroblasts, resulting in the hallmarks of the disease in form of inflammation/autoimmunity, vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. There has been a large body of evidence that the adaptive immune system with autoreactive T and B cells producing autoantibodies plays a central role in the pathogenesis of SSc but the role of earlier pathogenic processes involving the …
Ankylosing spondylitis: an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease?
2021
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with hallmarks of both autoimmune and autoinflammatory pathology. In this Review, the authors examine the evidence for both disease processes and aim to reconcile the two.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role characterized by aberrant activity of innate and innate-like immune cells, including gamma delta T cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and mast cells, at sites predisposed to the disease. The intestine is involved in disease manifesta…
The role of innate and lymphoid IL-22-producing cells in the immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome
2014
In primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) a complex of interconnections between epithelial barrier, innate and adaptive immunity occurs. IL-22 is a pleiotropic cytokine that in pSS may be placed at the intersection of the adaptive and innate branches of immunity. Some evidence suggests that, in pSS, IL-22 may play a prominent pro-inflammatory role driving the early phase of tissue and systemic inflammation and participating in the self-perpetuation of disease. Despite contradictory data in literature about the role of NK cells in pSS, recent data also suggest an important contribution of this subset of cells of the innate immune system in the development and perpetuation of inflammation. Here, we…
Deciphering the Roles of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer
2019
Cancer is a complex disease and the role played by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in cancer development has begun to be uncovered over recent years. We aim to provide an exhaustive summary of the knowledge acquired on the role of ILCs in cancer. ILCs are classified into 3 different categories, ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, each encompassing specific and unique functions. ILC1s exhibit NK cells characteristics and can exert anti-tumor functions, but surprisingly their IFNγ production is not associated with a better immune response. In response to TGF-β or IL-12, ILC1s were shown to exert pro-tumor functions and to favor tumor growth. ILC2s role in cancer immune response is dependent on cytokine con…
The echinoderm innate humoral immune response
2015
Abstract: Multicellular organisms have an immune system, which is essential for the survival of living beings. Interest in the immune system has been expanded since common characteristics of innate immunity between Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830) and mammals were discovered in the 1980. Since then, immunology has mainly focused on the adaptive immune system that seems to be restricted to vertebrates. Unlike the innate immunity, the adaptive one is acquired after exposure to a specific antigen (Ag) and includes: antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, proliferation of B and T lymphocytes, Ag-specific antibody/cytokine production and immunological memory. Innate immunity is inste…
Tissue microenvironment dictates the fate and tumor-suppressive function of type 3 ILCs
2017
Nussbaum et al. found that tumor suppression through innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) cannot be predicted solely based on the ILC phenotype and lineage but that their immune properties are shaped both by their ontogeny and by the tissue microenvironment they reside in.
Adipose Tissue: ILC2 Crank Up the Heat
2015
White-to-beige conversion of adipocytes is one of the most promising approaches to therapeutically target obesity; however, the signals driving this process had largely remained unclear. Recently, two publications, Brestoff et al. (2014) in Nature and Lee et al. (2015) in Cell, showed that group 2 innate lymphoid cells directly regulate adipocyte differentiation and drive the growth of beige fat.
Isolation and Flow Cytometry Analysis of Innate Lymphoid Cells from the Intestinal Lamina Propria
2017
The intestinal mucosa constitutes the biggest surface area of the body. It is constantly challenged by bacteria, commensal and pathogenic, protozoa, and food-derived irritants. In order to maintain homeostasis, a complex network of signaling circuits has evolved that includes contributions of immune cells. In recent years a subset of lymphocytes, which belong to the innate immune system, has caught particular attention. These so-called innate lymphoid cells (ILC) reside within the lamina propria of the small and large intestines and rapidly respond to environmental challenges. They provide immunity to various types of infections but may also contribute to organ homeostasis as they produce f…